The early years
1. What is the difference between a 'Camera Obscura' and a 'Camera Lucida'?
2.What is the difference between 'daguerreotype' and 'calotype'
The most important difference between the daguerreotype and the calotype is that the calotype forms a negative image meaning the positive image can be produced many times. This meant that calotype images could be mass produced, making photography accessible and cultivating the circumstances for the popularisation of the medium. There are also some more subtle differences in the images produced: the daguerrotype produces a much more detailed almost three dimensional image while the calotype has a softer more artistic effect. Whats more, the daguerreotype has a much longer exposure time and blurs movement.
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3. Early history of photography timeline
1300-1700: Renaissance movement searches for a more realistic image in art
1685: Camera obscura invented as a result 1760-1840: Industrial revolution allows for technical innovation and access to chemicals required for the picture making process 1839: Daguerre invents the daguerreotype the first instance of "photography" 1840: William Henry Fox Talbot invents the calotype which can be mass produced popularising the medium |
Early themes in photography
Pictorialism (late 19th to early 20th century)
This movement focused on making photography more 'artistic' by altering the image. The movement was a result of criticism, particularly from the art world, at the time that photography was not an 'art form' claiming that pushing a button on a machine showed no artistic talent. To combat this Pictorialists' used techniques such as smearing vaseline on their lenses, scratching the negatives and simulating brush strokes all in an effort to create a more hazy, almost dream like image and add an element of human interaction with the picture.
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